Journal of Technology Management & Innovation
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Item Unpacking the Precision Technologies for Adaptation of the Chilean Dairy Sector. A Structural-functional Innovation System Analysis.(Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Alberto Hurtado) Klerkx, Laurens; Hahn, Kimberly; Boisier, Guy; Geldes, CristianPrecision technologies and smart farming practices are spreading globally. However, there are still limited insights into how these technologies develop in newly adopted countries and adapt to different local systems, especially in emergent economies. This article aims to diagnose the technological innovation system of precision technologies within Chile's dairy sector, focusing on the possibilities of development and co-evolution. A structural-functional innovation system analysis is performed, based upon 41 semi-structured interviews. The main results indicate that precision technologies are in the implementation phase in the Chilean dairy sector, with scarce experience and undeveloped knowledge of their benefits. Moreover, there are insufficient interactions between different actors with limited information sharing due to the lack of trust as a cultural issue, affecting the development of smart farming practices. Some strategies to develop and co-evolve the technological systems are discussed, as is the need to increase trust and cooperation between the actors of the dairy sector.Item The Role of Absorptive Capacity in Innovation and Productivity in Chilean Companies: An Adapted CDM Model Across Industries(Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Alberto Hurtado) Acevedo, Juan; Díaz-Molina, IvánDrawing on an adapted CDM model, we present evidence on the role of strategic and operational absorptive capacity on innovation and productivity across industries in developing economies. Using a pooled cross-sectional sample from Chilean innovation surveys, we find that greater absorptive capacity (ACAP) helps firms to increase their innovative investment and the probability of producing technological innovations, which then increases firms’ labor productivity. Additionally, the effect of the strategic dimension is stronger than the operational dimension aspect, which means that the strategy of reaching these external sources might be more important than the skill of a firm´ internal units to acquire and transform external information. We find that while strategic ACAP is a stronger predictor of investment and technological innovation in both manufacturing and services companies, but operational ACAP has differing effects.Item Relación entre capacidad de innovación e índice de innovación en América Latina(Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Alberto Hurtado) Quintero Sepulveda, Isabel Cristina; Ospina Nieto, Yovanny; Quiroga Parra, Darío J.; Cubillos González, Rolando ArturoThe Oslo Manual said that it related innovation capabilities to the general abilities of the company. Also, it set of valuable assets that the company uses to establish innovation strategies. It related it to them to competitive advantage and growth in sales. Using international indicators to measure the innovation capacity of companies has been usual at the Latin American level. However, these concepts do not show the same academic clarity in the state-of-the-art. This article aims to explain the relationship between innovation capacity and the innovation index in Latin America regarding the international context. The method comprised a systematic review identifying first the countries that evidence empirical studies related to innovation capacity. And second, it established that the relationship between the innovation capacity and the innovation index. Result proposed a technical efficiency index to analyse the differences between Latin America and the international context. The principal contribution of the study is that it explains the innovation capacities of global innovation through the proposed technical efficiency index. The results show that the technical efficiency indices are similar in the two groups of countries analysed, and the higher the innovative capacity, the higher the innovation index.Item Innovation Disabilities(Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Alberto Hurtado) López-Montoya, Oscar Hernán; Acosta-Prado, Julio César; Zartha Sossa, Jhon Wilder; Chacana Ojeda, MarceloDisability has been described by many perspectives, including medical, administrative, economic, and socio-political. Like the human body, organizations are also affected by organic dysfunctions. either in whole or in part. This article presents a theoretical proposal that seeks to bring all the developments on disability in other sciences (mainly in the field of health) to the organizational field to understand how difficulties and limitations in basic and specialized capacities can negatively affect the innovation capacities of organizations. The proposal presented leads to a different view of the problems that arise within organizations, which would lead to developing various strategies that help improve the health of organizations, considering that their good condition does not depend on the absence of diseases, but the ability they possess to anticipate and deal with them.Item Systematic Review of The Literature on the Concept of Civil Society In the Quadruple Helix Framework(Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Alberto Hurtado) González-Martinez, Paulina; García-Pérez-De-Lema, Domingo; Castillo-Vergara, Mauricio; Bent Hansen, PeterThe gender literature exhaustively studies gender gaps in terms of income and inequality in the opportunities of access to the labor market between men and women. However, these studies are carried out at the aggregate level of the economy and very rarely at the level of industries. That is why the study of gender gaps in wages and access to employment from a productive sector perspective is relevant. Furthermore, this study in the sectors of the economy with the highest remuneration. Due to this, the present work aims to focus on the study of female access to the labor market of Knowledge-Intensive Services, since the tasks performed in these sectors of the economy are those with the highest remuneration. Using data from the Permanent Household Survey of Argentina for the fourth quarter of 2020, it is found that the probability of labor insertion in Knowledge-Intensive Services is higher for men than for women, although participation is heterogeneous among the different sections.Item Social Influence and mPOS Use: The Effects of Gender(Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Alberto Hurtado) Gutiérrez-Leefmans, Manuela; Olaleye, Sunday AdewaleMobile points of sale become popular as countries migrate to cashless approaches. Small and medium enterprises embrace the technology, and users are attracted to it due to its benefits compared to traditional points of sale. However, scant literature refers to its use in emerging countries despite the relevance of small companies for such economies. This research presents a model of mobile point of sale use in Mexico based on a survey of graduate and undergraduate students. The study uses structural equation modeling to relate variables such as awareness and social influence with gender interaction. Results indicate that social influence influences awareness of the technology and is higher in males than in females. This study suggests that the mobile point of sale service providers in Mexico should consider social influence in their advertising. As users, men should be aware that social influence may influence their decision to use the technology.Item El Ecosistema Emprendedor en las Principales Instituciones de Enseñanza e Investigación Agrícola de México(Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Alberto Hurtado) Achiquen Millán, Jimena; Santoyo Cortés, Vinicio Horacio; Martínez González, Enrique Genaro; Muñoz Rodríguez, ManrrubioThis study analyzes the entrepreneurship associated with the two most important agricultural universities in Mexico to recognize the actors that interact in this process in order to propose actions that enhance the transfer of knowledge from the academy to the productive sector. Through a qualitative study, the structure and functions of the actors involved in the entrepreneurial ecosystem of these institutions were identified. It is concluded that the universities studied generate knowledge and technological developments with the possibility of commercial utility. However, most of them are not commercialized because their promotion is left to the responsibility of entrepreneurs, so that the results of the analyzed ecosystem are circumstantial and are not the result of a well-defined strategy. For this reason, changes are proposed in the roles in the structures of the institutions that allow them to develop towards entrepreneurial universities.Item Is It Because I Can or Because of Who I Am? : The moderating effect of entrepreneurs’ social identity on entrepreneurial self-efficacys' - entrepreneurial intention relationship(Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Alberto Hurtado) Gonzalez-Canosa, María Laura; Osorio-Tinoco, Fabian; Capelleras Segura, Joan-Lluís; Krauss-Delorme, Catherine; Pereira Laverde, FernandoThe main purpose of this paper is to examine whether potential entrepreneurs are mainly driven by entrepreneurial skills or by a social identity to engage in entrepreneurial behaviors. Using a sample of 696 Colombian students from the data of Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students‘Survey (GUESSS), findings confirm Darwinian and Missionary social identity influence entrepreneurial intention positively. Furthermore, we find that the more a person identifies with a Darwinian social identity, the less entrepreneurial intention depends on entrepreneurial self-efficacy, while the contrary happens for missionary social identity. This study provides empirical evidence that competence, and identification influence the entrepreneurial process. Additionally, this study provides an explanation in a new setting, about why some individuals with strong entrepreneurial self-efficacy do not exhibit strong entrepreneurial intention.Item Mercado Laboral, Servicios Intensivos en Conocimiento y Género: Análisis para el caso argentino(Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Alberto Hurtado) Rodriguez Repeti, Juan Manuel; Marcel, LizzieThe gender literature exhaustively studies gender gaps in terms of income and inequality in the opportunities of access to the labor market between men and women. However, these studies are carried out at the aggregate level of the economy and very rarely at the level of industries. That is why the study of gender gaps in wages and access to employment from a productive sector perspective is relevant. Furthermore, this study in the sectors of the economy with the highest remuneration. Due to this, the present work aims to focus on the study of female access to the labor market of Knowledge-Intensive Services, since the tasks performed in these sectors of the economy are those with the highest remuneration. Using data from the Permanent Household Survey of Argentina for the fourth quarter of 2020, it is found that the probability of labor insertion in Knowledge-Intensive Services is higher for men than for women, although participation is heterogeneous among the different sections.Item Creative University: A Definition and Activities Management Based on the Completion of Key Performance Indicator (KPI)(Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Alberto Hurtado) Sutanto , Sutanto; Christy, Alexander Yonathan; Sandi, Dianisa KhoirumThe study’s objectives are to make a definition of Creative University and describe the activities management towards creative university based on the Key Performance Indicator (KPI) completion. Universities have KPI which consists of Index of Activities Performance (IAP) and Index of Main Performance (IMP) with the constraints of time and cost. Creative University is a university with creative activities such that the completion of KPI is accomplished within shorter duration and less cost. There are three activities management to accelerate the KPI completion those are creating activities that could minimize the distance between IAP and IMP, creating the schedule of activities, and managing the schedule based on the strategy of academic phases in university.Item La Actitud de Investigadores sobre la Cooperación Tecnocientífica entre Universidades y Sector Productivo: Un Estudio Comparativo(Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Alberto Hurtado) Perez Moran, Juan Carlos; Morales Páez, Marcela; Bernal-Baldenebro, BrandoEl propósito del presente estudio es medir la actitud hacia la cooperación tecno-científica entre Instituciones de Educación Superior y Empresas del Sector Productivo de profesores-investigadores, así como analizar las diferencias por sexo, edad, y nivel en el Sistema Nacional de Investigadores. Se utilizó una muestra no aleatoria por conveniencia de 182 p-i (50 mujeres y 132 hombres) quienes contestaron el Cuestionario para medir la percepción de la cooperación tecno-científica entre las Instituciones de Educación Superior y el Sector Productivo. Entre los hallazgos, se destacan valores de diferencia no significativa (p > .05), y tamaño de efecto chico (η2 = .01) entre los grupos.Item Systematic Literature Review on Application of Blockchain Technology in E-Finance and Financial Services(Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Alberto Hurtado) Trivedi, Sonal; Mehta, Kiran; Sharma, RenukaBlockchain is thought to be the most recent innovation in technology. Trust is especially important in areas like the banking sector. Blockchain technology is a decentralised, coded security system which permits the development of novel digital platforms and services using this developing technology. The current research focuses on the usage of blockchain technology in the financial and e-finance sectors. The study focuses of research questions such as the development of blockchain technology, the adoption & challenges in blockchain technology and the application of blockchain technology in the financial sector. This study conducted a systematic review of 76 scientific articles on blockchain technology, narrowing down the selection to 59 articles. As a result, the author created classification framework with three dimensions: blockchain development, challenges and applications in the financial sector. This study recognizes consequences for blockchain research and practice in the future. The study reveals that blockchain has various unexplored application in finance sector and also there is a scope of improvement in technology. Also, the technology is unregulated, thus, it is still in its nascent stage and a lot is to be done in the field.Item A Novel Multicriteria Decision Making Model for Techno-Entrepreneurship(Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Alberto Hurtado) Pala, Üzeyir; Bendak, SalaheddineEntrepreneurship is crucial for the survival of technology enterprises. Although the literature on techno-entrepreneurship is rich, it lacks a comprehensive and clearly structured techno-entrepreneurship management process to be followed by enterprises. It is also clear from the literature that the causal relationship between innovation, technology and entrepreneurship is complex and choosing among entrepreneurial alternatives is a multicriteria decision making problem with multiple, often conflicting, constraints. This study introduces the Integrated Techno-Entrepreneurship model that aims to help enterprises in pursuing business initiatives. The 4-stage model shows all relevant transformations of inputs from the idea generation stage until final viable product or service. Model content and face validation were done by seeking academic and industry entrepreneurship experts’ opinion respectively. Validation results showed high item-total correlations for all model concepts and a high Cronbach’s alpha value. It is concluded that the model is promising and potentially implementable in real life.Item Patenting Activity on Functional Foods: A Brazilian Scenario(Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Alberto Hurtado) Hilachuk, Daniele; Crisóstimo, Cláudia; Silva, Alvaro José Argemiro da; de Paula, DanielThe segment of functional foods is a global trend with expressive growth in recent years. Investments in innovation play an essential role in maintaining the competitiveness of food companies in an increasingly fierce market. This study provides an overview of innovation over the years 2008 to 2020 in the functional foods segment in Brazil by using patenting activity as an indicator of innovation. A patent search was conducted in the National Institute of Intellectual Property (INPI) database to identify patent application records on the following functional foods: (i) gluten-free (ii) lactose-free/low-lactose (iii) probiotic (iv) prebiotic and, (v) enriched/fortified products. The main IPC codes retrieved refer to class A23L (33%), A61K (17%), and A23C (10%), confirming the deposits' relationship with human nutrition. From 2015 on, resident applicants stood out, especially in 2017, with the highest number of deposits in the period. Most patent applications target probiotics (35.3%), followed by fortified/enriched products (25.3%), gluten-free (14.3%), lactose-free/low-lactose (13.3%), and prebiotics (11.8%). Brazilian higher education institutions (HEIs) figure among the top resident patent applicants. University-industry partnerships and research-oriented collaborative networks appear to be a feasible way to foster innovation in the food industry in the country. In summary, the patenting activity of functional foods in Brazil has awakened in recent years, showing trends and opportunities for innovation in the functional food segment.Item Emergence and Scale-up of Frugal Innovations: The Relevance of University-Industry Interaction(Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Alberto Hurtado) Reyes Reina, Darío; Corradi, Ariane Agnes; Rapini, Márcia SiqueiraThis article analyses the emergence and scale-up of frugal innovations supported by university-industry interactions in the Colombian context. We conducted semi-structured interviews with eight researchers from the National University of Colombia, who participated in activities to transfer technology to society through frugal innovations. Results highlight the social role of the Colombian university and the motivations of the participating researchers to develop frugal innovations. Three benefits of the university-industry interaction to develop and upscale frugal innovations were identified and described: a) the exchange of specialised knowledge that helps to do incremental improvements on frugal innovations; b) the strengthening of distribution and marketing strategies of innovation, supporting its implementation in different contexts; and c) advantages in scaling up production. The relevance of these findings to understand frugal innovation processes and their implications for designing support services by university technology transfer offices are discussed.Item Effects of Structural Intellectual Capital on The Innovation Capacity of Public Administration(Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Alberto Hurtado) Belmonte da Silva, Rodrigo; Fernández Jardón, Carlos Maria; Veiga Avila, LucasStructural capital is one of the elements of intellectual capital, and measuring it in local public administration contributes to assessing value for society. This article analyzes the effects of structural intellectual capital on the innovation capacity of public administration in a Latin American city. The research was carried out with civil servants who hold management positions in the City Hall of the researched city. It was used multivariate exploratory analysis, principal component analysis, correlation and linear regression to statistically organize the data. The main results are that structural intellectual capital has a positive, significant and direct influence on the capacity for innovation in public administration. For public managers, the study demonstrated that investment in structural capital can have direct and proportional effects on the ability to innovate in services and processes, organizational and institutional. Therefore, investments in structure, processes, and organizational philosophy in public administration tend to improve managers' ability to innovate. It is important to highlight that structural intellectual capital aligned with innovation has the potential to significantly improve technology, services, processes, and meeting social demands for the local community.Item Customers’ Perception of Business Model Innovation in Social Enterprises in Mexico(Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Alberto Hurtado) Cavazos-Arroyo, Judith; Puente-Díaz, RogelioSocial enterprises need to identify an innovative and differentiated business model to more efficiently meet the needs of their clients and survive in the long term. However, research on customer perception of this innovation is scant. Therefore, the objective of this research was to explore the effect of socially responsible consumption on the business model innovation perceived by clients of social enterprises in the service sector and its effect on satisfaction and loyalty. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with 400 customers of social enterprises in the services sector in Mexico. Results showed that socially responsible consumption had a positive influence of perceived business model innovation. Perceived business model innovation had a direct, positive influence on customer satisfaction and an indirect positive influence on loyalty. The implications of the results were discussed.Item Norm Transfer in US Technology Transfer: A Lesson for Policy Makers(Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Alberto Hurtado) Barton, Christopher; Slade, Catherine; Anderson, DerrickSocial norms wield significant influence in public policy development. This paper offers a description of four norms that influence technology transfer within and between US institutions. These norms are located within the three environments of the US policy system: policy formation, policy implementation, and policy evaluation. Introducing the concept of ‘norm transfer’, we argue that norms cannot be assumed to permeate the entire policy system and that some prominent norms are in fact influential only in one or two of the policy environments. We demonstrate this idea using the case of technology transfer in the US, and suggest that understanding the role of norms in technology transfer is essential for improving the ability of universities and research labs to serve the public good. Our intention is to help policy makers better understand the influence of norms in the process of designing policy.Item SERVQUAL Model with Interrelated Dimensions. The Case of The Pharmacy in Mexico(Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Alberto Hurtado) Rojas, Fernando Alonso; Coluccio, GiulianiThis research is focused on understanding the interrelation between the different dimen- sions of the SERVQUAL model in the pharmaceutical area, which have differences in per- ceptions of service domains depending on the cultures in which they are immersed. To study the proposed relationships, we collect data of 100 pharmacy customers of Mex- ico and use SEM to test the relationship between SERVQUAL dimensions, purchase fre- quency, gender, and quality perception. Our results show that the SERVQUAL dimensions are interrelated, SERVQUAL dimen- sions and gender predict the perception of quality but not the purchase frequency. These results provide key information in order to understand in a better way the service quality in the pharmaceutical area. We develop a theoretical framework that is based on interrelationships between the dif- ferent dimensions of SERVQUAL, assuming that they are not independent of each other. This way of understanding SERVQUAL dimensions can provide relevant information to un- derstand better how individual perceptions affect the service quality in the pharmaceutical area.Item Mediating Effect of Management Control Systems in The Interaction Between Ambidexterity and Organizational Learning in Brazilian NPO(Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Alberto Hurtado) de Azevedo Ramos Bandeira Arantes, Adriana; Lima Soares, JulianoThis paper investigates the mediating effect of management control systems in the interaction between ambidexterity and organizational learning in Brazilian non-profit organizations. Organizational learning is addressed in the literature as an antecedent of ambidexterity, whereas the use of management control systems finds dichotomous evidence in the literature as to its effect concerning those previous constructs. This descriptive research with a quantitative approach was carried out through a survey. The research sample comprised 227 valid responses collected from the presidents of the organizations. This work reveals the positive relationship between organizational learning and ambidexterity, as well as observing that the use of management control systems tends to inhibit innovation through a mediating effect. The approach of these constructs in nonprofit environments contributes to the need for sustainability of these organizations. Findings highlight the innovative panorama of these organizations between exploitation and exploration strategies and the achievement of ambidextrous skills, also pointing out the use of management control systems, as well as the evidence of organizational learning.